No-Income-Tax States vs High-Tax States

Nine states charge zero income tax. That doesn't automatically mean they're cheaper to live in — here's the full picture.

"Move to a no-tax state and save thousands" is one of the most repeated pieces of personal finance advice — and it's true, as far as it goes. Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming collect zero personal income tax, which can mean real, immediate savings on your paycheck. But states don't run on nothing: the money has to come from somewhere, and no-tax states typically lean harder on property tax, sales tax, and other fees to fund roads, schools, and services. Meanwhile, high-tax states like California, New York, and New Jersey often pair those higher rates with stronger public services, higher average wages, and in some cases lower property tax burdens relative to home value. The real question isn't "does this state tax income" — it's "what's my total cost of living and total tax burden here, all in." Below is the honest comparison.

Side-by-Side Comparison

CriteriaNo-Income-Tax StatesHigh-Tax States
State income tax0%Up to 13.3% (CA)
Revenue source insteadSales tax, property tax, excise taxesBroader mix, income tax is primary
Typical property tax rateOften higher (TX ~1.6–2%)Often moderate (CA ~0.7–0.9%, capped by Prop 13)
Sales taxOften higher (TN combined ~9.5%)Varies widely
Average wagesMixed — strong in TX/WA tech hubsOften higher (CA, NY, NJ metro premiums)
Public services fundingGenerally leanerGenerally more robust
Best forHigh earners, retirees on fixed incomeThose valuing services/amenities over tax rate

When Each Makes Sense

No-Tax States Make Sense When...

  • You earn a high salary where income tax savings are largest in dollar terms
  • You're retired and living on investment income or a pension
  • You don't own expensive real estate (property tax bite is smaller)
  • You work remotely and can choose your state of residence freely
  • You want to maximize take-home pay on a fixed salary

High-Tax States Make Sense When...

  • Your career/industry pays a significant wage premium there (tech, finance)
  • You value strong public schools, transit, and social services
  • You already own a home with a low, capped property tax basis
  • Your career growth or network depends on being in that specific market
  • You qualify for state-specific tax credits that offset the higher rate

Worked Example: $100,000 Salary

Texas (no income tax): $100,000 salary, $0 state income tax. Federal tax + FICA leaves roughly $76,500 take-home. Property tax on a median $350,000 home at ~1.8% runs about $6,300/year.
California (up to 13.3%): $100,000 salary, effective state tax around 6% at this income level (~$6,000). Federal tax + FICA + state tax leaves roughly $70,500 take-home. Property tax on a comparably sized home (often $700,000+ in many CA metros) at ~0.75% runs about $5,250/year — but the home costs twice as much.

The direct income tax savings from Texas are real — about $6,000/year in this example. But the bigger driver of total cost of living is usually housing prices, not the tax line item, which is why "no income tax" alone is an incomplete relocation decision.

*Figures above are illustrative estimates based on typical 2024–2025 rates and median home values. They are not tax or financial advice — consult a tax professional before relocating for tax reasons.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which US states have no personal income tax?

Nine states currently levy no personal income tax: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. New Hampshire taxes only interest and dividend income, not wages.

Do no-income-tax states make up the revenue elsewhere?

Yes. States without income tax typically rely more heavily on sales tax, property tax, and excise taxes. Texas, for example, has no income tax but some of the highest property tax rates in the country, often 1.6%–2% of assessed home value annually.

Is it always cheaper to live in a no-income-tax state?

Not necessarily. Housing costs and overall cost of living vary enormously within both groups. Total cost of living depends heavily on the specific city and its housing market, not just whether the state charges income tax.

How much can moving to a no-tax state actually save on a $100,000 salary?

It depends heavily on the comparison state. Moving from California (up to 13.3% top marginal rate) to Texas on a $100,000 salary can save roughly $6,000–$9,000 per year in state income tax alone, though property and sales tax differences offset part of that.

Which states have the highest income tax rates?

California (up to 13.3%), Hawaii (up to 11%), New York (up to 10.9%), New Jersey (up to 10.75%), and Oregon (up to 9.9%) currently have the highest top marginal state income tax rates in the US.

Does remote work make state income tax easier to avoid?

It can, but rules vary. If you physically live and work in a no-tax state, you generally owe no state income tax regardless of your employer's location. However, some states apply "convenience of the employer" rules that can still tax remote workers whose employer is based there — check your specific state's rules.

Related Calculators